Visual Techniques and images used for Censorship in TV,Commercials or Cinema:

Visual Techniques and images used for Censorship in TV,Commercials or Cinema:

Instinct (After Research 2)

The term Instinct is an action that changes the relationship between an organism and its environment. Instincts are complex behavior patterns like reflexes, which come with inborn and are rather inflexible but they differ from reflexes in their complexity. For instance, the widespread behavior of scratching is common to most birds, reptiles and mammals but for instance, even if foraging for food is a crucial behavior for animals, a single gene can alter it.

When we think the term Instinct as a behavior, which may occur as a result of an external stimulus such as sight of a predator, and an internal stimulus such as hunger, it is claimed that it is useful to distinguish between innate behavior and learned behavior.

Innate behavior is determined by the nervous system. It is usually determined, a given stimulus triggering a given response whereas learned behavior is more or less permanently altered as a result of experience that any individual organism has such as learning to play baseball well.  For instance, the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov found out that placing meat powder in a dog’s mouth would cause it to salivate. The dog has learned to respond to a substitute stimulus, the conditioned stimulus.

The conditioned response is the simplest form of learned behavior. It is a response, which is a result of experience so we can say that the principles of conditioning can also be used to train animals to perform tasks that are not innate.

When it comes to monkeys, how human beings learn is one of the most prominent ways we differ from other species. We humans have the ability to transform property and skılls we learn and we are born with from one generation to another. And we have language, which is the unique human trait that allows us to learn complicated and varied skills from each other.  According to some researches related with monkeys, it is indicated that monkeys also have the ability to use tools and learned skills. More interestingly, they do it without the use of language.

Instinct (After Research)

The term Instinct or inborn behavior is the natural tendency of a living organism over a specific complex behavior. One of the most basic examples of an instinctive behavior is a fixed action pattern (FAP), which is an instinctive behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion. For instance, the aggressive behavior of the male animals during the mating season is a good example of FAP, whereas people might be able to alter a stimulated fixed action pattern by consciously recognizing the point of its activation and directly stop doing it. Here we come to the point that any behavior is instinctive if it is carried out without prior experience, that is, in the absence of learning and is the expression of innate biological factors. For example, newborn sea turtles will automatically move toward the ocean or a newborn baby’s suckling instinct.

Instinct should be distinguished from a reflex, which is a simple response given by an organism to a specific stimulus such as narrowing pupil in response to bright light.  The differentiation of a reflex and an instinct is related with the strong volitional capacity, social learning. To illustrate, one of the most basic human instinct is to get noticed, to cry like all mammals and birds do for survival, which is also one of the most primary reflex of human beings and animals. It can be said that that instincts can be both learnable and inborn behavior.  According to Behavioral sciences, the term instinct is considered as the innate part of behavior that cannot be trained or educated in humans whereas psychologists argues that humans no longer have instincts because they have the ability to deal with and control them in certain situations.  Even though all living organism may profit from experience, it is claimed that to be considered instinctual, a behavior must be automatic, or may occur in every member of the species, or govern behavior for which the organism needs no training. 

Instinct (Before Research)

I believe the term 'instinct' is an action of unconscious and conscious state of the mind. Accordingly, some instincts can be learned and controlled whereas some instincts come from the birth such animal impulses. I assume that instincts come with the birth and may alter according to circumstances. 

Creativity(After Research)

In my previous paper, I thought that the definition of creativity couldn’t be identified or explained clearly. After my researches about what is creativity in general, I found out that there are multitudes of definitions and approaches for creativity involving several disciplines such as business, psychology and economics.  For instance, Freud claimed that creativity arises from the tension between conscious reality and unconscious drives. Before I read the book called Handbook of Creativity, I believed that there is no relation between creativity and conscious reality because I think creative things come up with unconscious actions and behaviors.  I also initially thought that creativity could not be teachable and comes naturally, I still believe that creativity is a spiritual process and instincts are crucial but somehow creativity can be improved in a creative environment, increasing intellectual capacity. Thinking and living out of box, can also help increase creativity. I also still agree that creativity does not necessarily mean finding totally new products, ideas only it also means fusion of existing concept and improving processes and contributing to the existing concept. For example, according to a famous architect, Hong Kong is a creative city because it a fusion of traditional and yet modern city.

Creativity(Before Research)

I believe that the term creativity corresponds to several aspects of creating or improving of products, processes and even thoughts. As opposed to general thoughts, creativity does not necessarily mean creating totally new product or concept. I think it can also mean fusion of existing concepts, products and thoughts or improving a process. In my opinion, creativity as a concept is an abstract meaning of any activity, which may reflect personal indulgence. According to my own experiences in art and design, creativity is not something that can be teachable and I assume that it comes naturally. For instance, in academy, most of my instructors had different taste of design. When I was preparing a project according to the briefs, I generally felt stressful. Because what my instructors asked us to be totally creative. I think creative works cannot be done under the pressure of briefs or people. People may call an artwork or any design concept unimaginative or unoriginal because it does not match with their own taste of design or art. Actually, I believe that the term creativity cannot be identified or explained clearly. Whatever your comment about any artwork or design thing does not make it creative or imaginative under any circumstances.