Instinct (After Research)

The term Instinct or inborn behavior is the natural tendency of a living organism over a specific complex behavior. One of the most basic examples of an instinctive behavior is a fixed action pattern (FAP), which is an instinctive behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion. For instance, the aggressive behavior of the male animals during the mating season is a good example of FAP, whereas people might be able to alter a stimulated fixed action pattern by consciously recognizing the point of its activation and directly stop doing it. Here we come to the point that any behavior is instinctive if it is carried out without prior experience, that is, in the absence of learning and is the expression of innate biological factors. For example, newborn sea turtles will automatically move toward the ocean or a newborn baby’s suckling instinct.

Instinct should be distinguished from a reflex, which is a simple response given by an organism to a specific stimulus such as narrowing pupil in response to bright light.  The differentiation of a reflex and an instinct is related with the strong volitional capacity, social learning. To illustrate, one of the most basic human instinct is to get noticed, to cry like all mammals and birds do for survival, which is also one of the most primary reflex of human beings and animals. It can be said that that instincts can be both learnable and inborn behavior.  According to Behavioral sciences, the term instinct is considered as the innate part of behavior that cannot be trained or educated in humans whereas psychologists argues that humans no longer have instincts because they have the ability to deal with and control them in certain situations.  Even though all living organism may profit from experience, it is claimed that to be considered instinctual, a behavior must be automatic, or may occur in every member of the species, or govern behavior for which the organism needs no training. 

Instinct (Before Research)

I believe the term 'instinct' is an action of unconscious and conscious state of the mind. Accordingly, some instincts can be learned and controlled whereas some instincts come from the birth such animal impulses. I assume that instincts come with the birth and may alter according to circumstances. 

Creativity(After Research)

In my previous paper, I thought that the definition of creativity couldn’t be identified or explained clearly. After my researches about what is creativity in general, I found out that there are multitudes of definitions and approaches for creativity involving several disciplines such as business, psychology and economics.  For instance, Freud claimed that creativity arises from the tension between conscious reality and unconscious drives. Before I read the book called Handbook of Creativity, I believed that there is no relation between creativity and conscious reality because I think creative things come up with unconscious actions and behaviors.  I also initially thought that creativity could not be teachable and comes naturally, I still believe that creativity is a spiritual process and instincts are crucial but somehow creativity can be improved in a creative environment, increasing intellectual capacity. Thinking and living out of box, can also help increase creativity. I also still agree that creativity does not necessarily mean finding totally new products, ideas only it also means fusion of existing concept and improving processes and contributing to the existing concept. For example, according to a famous architect, Hong Kong is a creative city because it a fusion of traditional and yet modern city.

Creativity(Before Research)

I believe that the term creativity corresponds to several aspects of creating or improving of products, processes and even thoughts. As opposed to general thoughts, creativity does not necessarily mean creating totally new product or concept. I think it can also mean fusion of existing concepts, products and thoughts or improving a process. In my opinion, creativity as a concept is an abstract meaning of any activity, which may reflect personal indulgence. According to my own experiences in art and design, creativity is not something that can be teachable and I assume that it comes naturally. For instance, in academy, most of my instructors had different taste of design. When I was preparing a project according to the briefs, I generally felt stressful. Because what my instructors asked us to be totally creative. I think creative works cannot be done under the pressure of briefs or people. People may call an artwork or any design concept unimaginative or unoriginal because it does not match with their own taste of design or art. Actually, I believe that the term creativity cannot be identified or explained clearly. Whatever your comment about any artwork or design thing does not make it creative or imaginative under any circumstances.

Abstract

     In this paper, I will be focusing on humans as typical mammals and how human beings differ from warm-blooded animals such as love. According to scientists, there are different explanations about in some ways we are typical mammals, in other ways, quite unusual. A fundamental difference between humans and all other animals, especially warm-blooded animals, is that ability of using learned knowledge and behaviors, which are not stored in our genes. We can learn what love is and how to love. This sentence brings me to that question, how a leopard does not harm and do take care of a baby monkey after she killed the mother monkey while carrying her baby. Because animals are not able to use learned knowledge and behaviors, they behave according to their instincts such as maternity.